Hormones are messenger molecules released by endocrine glands to regulate specific body functions like blood glucose level or muscle growth. The hormones bind to receptors on the cell membrane or bind to receptors on the cell nucleus. In this context hormone antagonists and modulators are substances influencing these effects by inhibiting or stimulating specific receptors and furthermore accelerating or retarding selective reactions by enzymes.
The hormone antagonists and modulators are part of the 2008 Prohibited List of the World Anti-Doping Code. They are prohibited at all times (in- and out-of-competition). The 2008 Prohibited List differentiates between aromatase inhibitors, selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), agents modifying myostatin function and other anti-estrogenic substances.
The hormone antagonists and modulators are part of the 2008 Prohibited List of the World Anti-Doping Code. They are prohibited at all times (in- and out-of-competition). The 2008 Prohibited List differentiates between aromatase inhibitors, selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), agents modifying myostatin function and other anti-estrogenic substances.
Crosstalk:
Hormone antagonists and modulators have no effect on the physical performance of an athlete. The abuse is just based on the suppression of biomedical side effects caused by an abuse of anabolic-androgenic steroids in males. An AAS-abuse could lead to “gynecomastia” in males which is tried to be reduced by the use of anti-estrogens, decreasing the synthesis of the female sex hormones. Thus, they are presenting a broad field of unspecific side effects.
Within this Crosstalk-Box you can choose the side effects of hormone antagonists and modulators on selected body systems.
Within this Crosstalk-Box you can choose the side effects of hormone antagonists and modulators on selected body systems.
